Being self-employed offers independence, but it can also bring challenges, especially when a serious illness or injury stops you from working. Many self-employed workers are surprised to learn that they may qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) if they’ve paid into the system and meet the required conditions.
Here’s how SSDI works for self-employed individuals, what makes someone eligible, and what steps they need to take to apply.
Self-employed workers, including freelancers, contractors, and small business owners, can qualify for SSDI if they have a work history that includes paying Social Security taxes. These taxes are paid through self-employment tax, which includes both the employee and employer portions of Social Security contributions. If you report your income and pay taxes consistently, you may have earned enough credits to qualify for benefits.
To qualify for SSDI, applicants need to earn enough work credits based on their age and work history. In most cases, this means having worked and paid Social Security taxes for at least five out of the last ten years. Each year, a person can earn up to four credits depending on their income. The total number of credits needed depends on your age when you became disabled.
SSDI benefits are only given to those who are unable to perform “substantial gainful activity” (SGA). In 2025, SGA is defined as earning more than $1,550 per month for non-blind individuals. Self-employed workers are evaluated not just on income but also on the type of work done, time spent working, and whether the business earns income even if the person is not actively involved.
SSA uses three tests to judge self-employment cases: the Significant Services and Substantial Income test, the Comparability test, and the Worth of Work test. These tests look at how involved the person is in their business and how much their work contributes to the income of that business.
Keeping detailed records is very important in self-employment disability claims. Applicants should be ready to show past tax returns, profit and loss statements, and any business expenses. These records help show your past income and how your health condition has affected your ability to work. In addition, accurate medical records are necessary to prove the severity and expected duration of the condition.
SSDI claims from self-employed individuals can take longer to review because the SSA must evaluate both medical and business details. Applicants should expect a more detailed look at their work activity. Providing clear and honest documentation from the start can help avoid delays.
Navigating SSDI as a self-employed person can be confusing. Many people find it helpful to work with an attorney who understands Social Security rules and knows how to present a strong claim. An experienced attorney can guide you through the forms, deadlines, and medical evidence needed to support your case.
If you’re self-employed and unable to work due to a serious health condition, you don’t have to face the Social Security Disability process alone. At Regas & Haag, Ltd., we’ve helped many individuals in Ohio—just like you—secure the benefits they’ve earned. Contact us today for a free consultation and let us guide you every step of the way.